Based on several clinical studies the ideal dose of MI+DCI for treatment of PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome), GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus), and metabolic syndrome is 2g twice a day on a 40 MI to 1 DCI ratio [1,3]. However, other studies showed a glucose-lowering effect in male type 2 diabetes patients, at a dose of myo-inositol (550 mg) and d-chiro-inositol (13.8 mg). The primary outcome on these studies was ovulation, the secondary outcome included the improvement of FSH(Follicle-stimulating hormone), LH (Luteinizing hormone), Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG), 17-beta-Estradiol (E2), free testosterone, basal and postprandial insulin levels, as well as HOMA (Homeostatic Model Assessment) index, BMI (Body Mass Index) and menses. [2]

Administration of berberine leads to remission of metabolic syndrome and decreases in waist circumference, SBP (Systolic Blood Pressure), triglycerides, and total insulin secretion, with an increase in insulin sensitivity.[1,2] In addition, it was shown that berberine increased glucose uptake in cells independently of the effect of insulin. [3] Berberine also has an insulin-sensitizing effect and at doses of 1g/d, and can lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients through increasing insulin receptor expression. [4,5]

Magnesium has a major role in the regulation of blood pressure and there is an inverse relationship between magnesium intake and blood pressure. Hypertension associated with preeclampsia appears to be alleviated when magnesium is administered; in addition, women with adequate intakes of magnesium are less likely to be affected by preeclampsia than those with an inadequate intake. Magnesium may also play a role in the development of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome and its intake can improve serum lipid profiles. Clinical studies demonstrate that taking 300 mg/d of magnesium can benefit blood pressure control, promote weight loss, and improve chronic disease risk. [1] Furthermore, magnesium ions regulate calcium ion flow in neuronal calcium channels, helping to regulate neuronal nitric oxide production. In magnesium deficiency, neuronal requirements for magnesium may not be met, causing neuronal damage which could manifest as depression. Magnesium treatment is hypothesized to be effective in treating major depression resulting from intraneuronal magnesium deficits. Case histories have been presented showing rapid recovery (less than 7 days) from major depression using 125–300 mg of magnesium (as glycinate and taurinate) with each meal and at bedtime. [2]

Vitamin C status is inversely related to body mass. Individuals with adequate vitamin C levels oxidize 30% more fat during a moderate exercise than individuals with low vitamin C; thus, vitamin C depleted individuals may be more resistant to fat mass loss. [12] Vitamin C is required for the biosynthesis of carnitine, a small molecule responsible for shuttling long chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane for oxidation and subsequent fat oxidation. Reduced tissue carnitine, and the associated impact on fat oxidation, is considered the cause of the fatigue of scurvy (vitamin C deficiency). [13,14] Several studies suggest that the regular ingestion of vitamin C supplements, may help stimulate energy expenditure, promote satiety, and/or modulate fat production. The clinical trials use an average dose of 500 mg Vitamin C Daily.

L-theanine has been studied as a food additive and functional food in relation to human nutrition. It has noticeable bioactivities including anti-cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, stress-reducing, antitumor, anti-aging, reduced cardiovascular risk, and anti-anxiety activities. [1] L-theanine is associated with several health benefits, including improvements in mood, immune function, cognition and a reduction of stress and anxiety-like symptoms at doses of 200mg/d. [2,3,4]

Vitamin K2 plays a crucial role in directing calcium to where it's needed—your bones and teeth—while preventing harmful calcification in arteries and soft tissues. Working in synergy with Vitamin D3, Vitamin K2 ensures that calcium absorbed by the body is effectively utilized, supporting bone density and cardiovascular health.[1]

Emerging evidence suggests Vitamin K2's role in regulating glucose metabolism. Research indicates it enhances insulin sensitivity by activating proteins involved in glucose homeostasis, complementing the metabolic benefits of Vitamin D3.[2]

Studies using 200–300 mg of EGCG (Epigallocatechin gallate) have demonstrated its usefulness for maintaining cardiovascular and metabolic health.[1] There is evidence from epidemiological studies that the habitual consumption of green tea and EGCG is inversely associated with cardiovascular mortality, mortality due to stroke, the risk of developing hypertension and diabetes, and with percent body fat and body fat distribution. In a clinical trial, beverages containing moderate (68 mg EGCG) and high (243 mg EGCG) amounts were consumed together with fat-enriched foods; these doses reduced the postprandial triglyceride response by 15.1% and 28.7%, respectively.

In addition, it was observed that compared to placebo, the EGCG containing beverages increased 24-hour energy expenditure by 106 kcal. [2, 3]

Vitamin D3 

Animal studies have shown that vitamin D is a basic factor necessary for normal insulin secretion. Vitamin D reduces insulin resistance probably through its effect on calcium and phosphorus metabolism and through up regulation of the insulin receptor gene. One study on 5,677 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance showed that vitamin D supplementation increased insulin sensitivity by 54%. Patients received 50,000 units of vitamin D3 orally per week for eight weeks. After 6 weeks of intervention, the averages of BMI, WC (Waist Circumference), and HC (Hip Circumference) decreased significantly. Previous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency was more prevalence in obese people and there was an inverse association among vitamin D with BMI and WC. [1,2] Furthermore, other studies have demonstrated that vit D insufficiency was accompanied with higher risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and obesity. [3]